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Since federal systems have been formed for different reasons and to Federalism as a system of government which is meant to help to advance good governance and development of a multi-ethnic and big country like Nigeria. Federalism | PDF | Federalism | Decentralization Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. Problems of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism Does Federalism Make Sense For The Philippines? - Forbes To begin with, the title of this book, " Last Train to Biafra " is allegorically evocative of the severing of, or rather the dead relationship between Nigeria and Biafra. Rather there has been more challenges than benefits of this federal system. Changes in Branch Office Registration Requirements This duplicity of government is not alien to a federal structure as identified, except that in the Nigerian case, there is ineffable strife for dominance. This allows the central or federal government to share governmental powers between the central or federal government and the components regions, state, etc. Therefore, the problem with federalism in Nigeria is the mix-application or non-application of this clause especially as it has to do with power distribution (Awa, 1977). Full History of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. Rt. stream Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr 74 . %PDF-1.5 This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. /Resources << This notwithstanding, the concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. Revenue Allocation and Economic Development in Nigeria: An Empirical This helped to solve the problem of marginalization in the leadership. politicization of ethnicity or the ethnicization of the politics of state creation that Nigeria has witnessed in recent years. This is why there is a clamoring for restructuring and true federalism in Nigeria. MCC Vol 2 No 1 Article 04.pdf, GJ #2018, 2, Globalization and Federation in Peril: Renewed Agitations for Statehood and the Future of Nigerian State, by A. M. Maigari and U. Dantani, GLOBALIZATION AND FEDERATION IN PERIL: RENEWED AGITATIONS FOR STATEHOOD AND THE FUTURE OF NIGERIAN STATE, RESTRUCTURING NIGERIA: BEYOND POLITICAL RHETORIC AND THE MORAL PANIC, PDF copy of Published paper on Agitation and restructuring.pdf, ESSAYS ON RIGHT TO SELF DETERMINATION AS A PEREMPTORY NORM AND THE LIMITATION IN EXERCISING THAT RIGHT.pdf, Federalism, Military Legacies and the Restructuring Debate in Contemporary Nigeria, Legal Aid Journal of Legal Issues Vol. Federalism is a method of segregating powers so that the central and local governments are each within a domain, harmonizing and autonomous. a group of selected academic teachers this book is suitable for adoption as a resource for a case driven approach to teaching "Corporate Governance" courses at an upper undergraduate or graduate level. What is federalism? Introduction In a statement on the 2015 Nigerian General Elections the Freedom House (2015a) congratulated Nigerians for an election that appears to be one of the smoothest and least violent in Nigeria's The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. Also see: Differences between Cross-offers and counter-offers, five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria. % To know more about various aspects of federalism in Nigeria ,you may read from . I love this article,very educating and interesting 1 Issue 2, BETWEEN THE PRISMS OF NECESSITY AND LEGALITY - THE IPOB PROSCRIPTION IN CONTESTATION_pp.43-57, RE-THINKING BIAFRA IDEOLOGY OF SELF-DETERMINATION IN NIGERIA, A (UN)JUST AND (UN)HOLY WAR? Each state has the same level of self-governance. So majority if not all of them were in favor of a federalist system of governance. Nigeria thus consists of various ethnic groups and sub-national states, all of which are at the mercy of the Central government. (PDF) Fiscal Federalism in Nigeria: An Analysis of - ResearchGate Also read: Highest paying law firms in Nigeria. By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. This feature of federalism is widely believed to be a veritable framework for even and need-sensitive development. As a Nigerian, it is important to understand some basic things about the system of governance in Nigeria and why it is so. It submits that the problem with constitutionalism in Nigeria is poor leadership and poor implementation of the Constitution. It has severally been emphasized by both the Northern and Western politicians that God did not create Nigeria but the British. Unfortunately, since the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of governance in the country has not seen much effect of federalism. Fiscal federalism, sub-national revolts and internal colonialism in Nigeria Mainly of telling who is who in a given society. Resource control: 3.7 7. The contradictions generated by this rigional arrangement threatened Nigeria unity. Hon. - Cooperative or "marble-cake" federalism is de ned as a exible relationship between the national and state government in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs. From the onset, Nigeria, like most of her federating peers, has faced one major challenge in the course of her political voyage - the crisis of who is who. Ordinarily and without much logicality, by who is who, one means the problematic and destructive component of identity. (eds. 7 Reasons for Federalism in Nigeria: Why Nigeria Adopted Federal System It means that the sovereign unit (Centre) and local units . The Plural nature of Nigeria: Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government . %PDF-1.5 First, how to properly place peoples, better still - indigenes and ethnic groupings, in their relevant socio-economic categories; that is, in line with the oil windfalls. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. This is because most of the power (financial and. Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs, African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, Institutional Engineering and the Survival of Nigerian Federalism, " Managing a Plural Society : the Boomerang Effects of Nigerian Federalism' Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics , 27, 1-2 (July 1989), 218-245, An Historical Interrogation of Federalism berlin, THE PRACTICE OF TRUE FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, "The dawn of constitutionalism in Nigeria in Mbondenyi, M. K., and Ojienda T. Everybody would likely agree that the conscious awareness and awakening of the course of who is who invariably determines who gets what, perhaps when and how. There must exist supremacy of the constitution, which implies that laws passed by the authority in the federal arrangement, if contrary to the constitution shall be declared to be ultra votes. There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. government and the governed by enhancing political cohesion in such country with regional, ethic, racial, linguistic and cultural diversity like Nigeria. However, the practice of fiscal federalism in Nigeria is a negation of true federalism. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of underinvesting in social programs, especially in certain communities. and Democracy in Nigeria, ISSUES IN NIGERIAN FISCAL FEDERALISM; THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PRINCIPLE OF DERIVATION AND RESOURCE CONTROL. These crises flow from issues such as fiscal federalism, corruption, credible elections, tribal politics, ethno-religious conflicts, and disdain for the rule of law. Regrettably, this system is founded on a militarily-conceived constitution lacking a fully enforceable bill of rights and clear governmental functions. Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria. Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. Stated reasons of the coup were prevailing gangsterism and disorder, corruption and nepotism in the civil government. Federalism as said earlier decentralizes power. In Nigeria, the main reason for the adoption of a federal arrangement was the sociological complexity of the society, its ethnic and geographical diversity. we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. is one of the devices built into the federal constitution of Nigeria as a means of achieving unity in diversity. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter), Abstract: The Nigeria civil war (1967-1970) provoked by declaration of Biafra republic had indelible imprint on Nigeria state. Political institutions, Kinship ties, Origin of towns and their cultural antecedents are enriched with similar history. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] Indeed, whatever scholarly connotations they bear, one strongly believes that they all enjoy one clear focus. History of federal system of government in nigeria. Over the years the fiscal federalism in Nigeria has crystallised and remained . Present Nigeria was formed by the amalgamation of two regions which many see as a big influence in why federalism was later adopted by the British and later on by Nigerian leaders as at the time of independence. Not minding the general relevance of these coinages, an arduous task lies in properly assessing their specific impacts in a given political enclave. 3 0 obj /Type /Page Ethnic Minorities and Federalism in Nigeria - JSTOR Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. 7 Functions of Nigerian Federalism - Information Guide in Nigeria This has led to a deep sense of alienation and politics of ethnic identity. Required fields are marked *. But before moving to the crux of this article, we will be looking briefly at the meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria. You are already subscribed to our newsletter! In a unitary constitution which opposes federal principles, everything belongs to the central government; the federating unit does not exist, let alone agitating for resource control. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. Are there certain inherent and primordial grievances and preferences? 7 Cooperative federalism was dominant from the 1930s through the 1970s. We appreciate you. Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. 2023, Bscholarly LLC. 2. In Nigeria, there are different and distinct ethnic groups brought together by colonization. "There are reasons why some nation-states opt for federalism. /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB /Width 371 The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. /Filter /DCTDecode /F1 6 0 R Another reason why federalism is adopted by any country is that of its population. ICT services have help in the improvement of the markets, reduction in transaction costs and increase . Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. He is also a Developer with knowledge in HTML, CSS, JS, PHP and React Native. And even now we can see the population of Nigeria compared to other countries in Africa. Edeh Samuel Chukwuemeka ACMC, is a Law Student and a Certified Mediator/Conciliator in Nigeria. Below are the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federal system of government: The major reason for the adoption of federal system of government in Nigeria is borne out of the historical experience that brought all the ethical groups together under one Nigeria. Best information base for latest information both national and international. We hope to seeing you again on other posts of interest. That notwithstanding, The origin and concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. The 1951 constitution gave more strength to regionalism with the creation of two chamber legislation in the northern and western Nigeria. Nigeria- Constitutional Developments Political Economy Judiciary and >> % Section 10 of the constitution rule outs the adoption of any religion as a state religion either. Moreover, it is important to note that most of the ethnic groups in Nigeria had strong political inter-group relationship before colonial rule. 1954 Lagos Constitutional Conference In Nigeria (Decisions) - Kofa Study PDF The 2015 General Elections: Voter Turnout, Voting Behavior and Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. In recent times, specifically in post 2015 general election, there have been new waves of agitations for the Biafra republic by both Movement for Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra and Indigenous People of Biafra on one hand and for Niger Delta republic by Niger Delta Avengers on the other, added to terrorism and militancy that are already threatening Nigeria fragile state. The governmental powers are shared between the federal government and the thirty-six state governments. Also, Read: Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria. Full History of Nigerian Federalism. The main goal of the Convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation, the agreement that governed the 13 colonies and was adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, shortly after the end of the Revolutionary War . The post war efforts for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the Igbo secessionist into the post-civil war Nigeria through the (3Rs) policy of rehabilitation, reconstruction and reconciliation (the 3Rs) to promote national unity and nationalism have failed to yield desire result. In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. Keywords: Federalism, Nigeria, ethnic groups, federal character principle . Nigeria as a nation has succeeded in commanding influence among member states by the virtue of its size. Minority Marginalization 3.6 6. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. So, what are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. It is not surprising that Nigeria in its 55 years of political sojourn has tried different forms of federalism. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. However, where there is a conflict of authority between the federal government and regional government, the federal authority supersedes. /Subtype /Image of diversities helps in a nations decision to adopt the aggregative or disaggregative type of federalism. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. /Length 3884 by the federal or any state government. The fact that these nations chose to adopt a federal system does not prove anything; it does, however, suggest that federalism may help these countries manage the problems that come with ethnic . The current problems facing the Nigeria government and the Biafra separatist agitators originate in the causes and the effects of the Nigerian Civil war (06 July 1967-15 January 1970). PDF The Efficacy of Federalism in a Multi-Ethnic State: The Nigerian - CORE A large body of literature exists on Nigeria's fiscal federalism particularly with reference to revenue allocation. Fourthly, there shall be the existence of court to interpret the constitution as it applies to cases and conflicts among the tiers of government. /F4 15 0 R The Hausa Fulani and the Minorities feared the domination of political powers by the Igbos and Yorubas. We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. It is also an undisputed fact that the Hausas and Yorubas fought Biafra to keep the unity of Nigeria. Olawale Olaopa, Ibikunle Ogundari, Mike Awoleye and Willie Siyanbola, Nigeria Quasi Federalism: An Obstacle To Peace And Development In Nigeria, FEDERAL BALANCING IN NIGERIA: A PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY, DECENTRALIZING PUBLIC SECTOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND THE CONTRADICTIONS OF FEDERAL PRACTICE IN NIGERIA, The National Assembly, Constitution Amendment and Civil Society Expectations, True Federalism in Nigeria: A Political Discourse, Re-regionalization and Fiscal Federalism: The Panacea for Accelerated National Development in Nigeria, REPORT OF NIGERIA'S 2014 NATIONAL DIALOGUE, Politics, Power. This book was released on 2022-09-16 with total page 197 pages. In federalism, there is accountability, there is transparency. There are Benin and Togo in between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the former British African colonies. >> It will schock you to know Nigerias adoption of federalism was also in the interest of the leaders. 2. The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria He rejects the assertion that In 1939 sir Bernard Bourdillion made a serious constitutional proposal which concluded having regional councils with a central council in Lagos. Email Address. local government autonomy.docx - CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION >> Nigeria is confronted to the boomerang effects of the evolution of its federalism. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. For instance, such noun phrases like: nationality, nation, citizenship, identity, ethnicity, ethnic group, indigene, state of origin, etc, are inherently conflict laden, with abundant intellectual understandings. The political parties involved in the first republic were more formed on a regional basis. Ethnic, Religious and Geographical Factor 3.5 5. As a result, issues relating to marginalization, economic imbalance, social alienation, ethnic suspicion and superior-subordination contestation are recurring malaises in the system. Brad Simpson (2014) The Biafran secession and the limits of self-determination, Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2-3, 337-354, WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, LAST TRAIN TO BIAFRA - Memories of a Biafran Child: A Personal Family Experience, Fiscal Federalism, Ethnic Minorities and the National Question in Nigeria: Revisiting the Case of the Niger Delta People, WARN POLICY BRIEF WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, Biafra Resurgence: State Failure, Insecurity and Separatist Agitations in Nigeria, Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA: A LESSON FOR NIGERIA, MASSOB AND IPOB SELF DETERMINATION AND THE NIGERIA STATE, Ndi Igbo, Leadership, Nationhood, the Nigerian Dilemma and Why We Are All Biafrans, Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, Exploring the Dimensions of Secessionist Agitations: Security Threats and Implications for Nigeria 1966-2016, REVISITING THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR: THE INTANGIBLES OF POST- WAR RECONCILIATION, The Ambiguity of Constitutional Silence on State Secession in Nigeria: Looking Beyond Politics of Compassion and Prejudice, West Africa Insight Secessionist Movement ENGLISH Version, Situation Analysis on Public Safety and Security Governorship Election in Anambra State, IGBOS, A PEOPLE THRIVING AMIDST ADVERSITY: WHO ARE THE IGBOS, Pro-Biafran Activists and the call for a Referendum: A Sentiment Analysis of 'Biafraexit' on Twitter after UK's vote to leave the European Union, NIGERIA: WHAT IS TO BE DONE? This embodies ideas of promise, obligation, and undertaking; and consequently, the federal idea draws on collaboration, reciprocity, and mutuality. Nigeria: A Federation in Search of Federalism Thus, there is continuous agitation by many ethnic nationalities for a sovereign national conference in order to renegotiate the Nigeria federal deal to put Nigeria on the path of true federalism to guarantee her unity and co-existence. PDF Department Of Economics University Of Ilorin | freewebmasterhelp This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. /F2 9 0 R Geographical nearness of the component states to each other and the state network of roads and transportation. Emphasis on indigeneity, the federal revenue allocation formula and the increasing formalization of the 'federal character' principle, to mention only a few issues, increase sources of tensions and potential conflicts. Federalism - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy The disadvantages are that it can set off a race to the bottom among states, cause cross-state economic and social disparities, and obstruct federal efforts . PDF Nigerian Federalism: Issues, Challenges and Prospects Government at different periods had set up commissions to advise on the acceptable revenue sharing formula, especially as it affects the three (3) tiers of government. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the provisions to Sections 162(2) of the constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation. Put differently, revenue sharing has become a recurrent crisis factor in Nigeria. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. Post-independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework for the development of Nigeria. For citation see: http://www.cejiss.org/issue-detail/biafra-s-resurgence-state-failure-insecurity-and-separatist-agitations-in-nigeria. (PDF) Nigeria: a model of federalist ethnic conflict management or From that date, the concept of federalism incorporated the idea of patterned contact at two levels: at the governmental level between the participating units, and among the citizens of these different units (Dare, 1979:26).