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Flow cytometry may be used to characterize and count types of white blood cells in the evaluation of infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders or immunodeficiencies. Accessed April 2011. PMC Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is an extremely heterogeneous disease and prognostic factors such as chromosomal abnormalities are important predictors of time to first treatment and survival. The antigens on specific leukemia or lymphoma cells may remain the same over time. An ASCUS pap smear result is considered to be mildly abnormal. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of peripheral blood, bone marrow, and body fluids is performed using the following antibodies: Triage Panel: CD3, CD10, CD16, CD19, CD34, CD45 and kappa and lambda light chains, -B-cell Panel: CD5, CD11c, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD23, CD38, CD45, CD103, CD200 and kappa and lambda light chains, -T-cell Panel: CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, CD45, TRBC1, and gamma/delta, -Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) Panel: CD3, CD8, CD16, CD56, CD57, CD94, CD158a, CD158b, CD158e (p70), and NKG2a, -Acute Panel: CD2, CD7, CD13, CD15, CD16, CD33, CD34, CD36, CD38, CD45, CD56, CD64, CD117, and HLA-DR, -B-cell ALL, minimal residual disease (MRD) panel: CD10, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD24, CD34, CD38, CD45, CD58, and CD66c, -Myeloperoxidase (MPO)/terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) (MPO/TdT) Panel: cytoplasmic CD3, CD13, cytoplasmic CD22, CD34, CD45, cytoplasmic CD79a, nuclear TdT, and cytoplasmic MPO, -Plasma Cell Panel: CD19, CD38, CD45, CD138, and cytoplasmic kappa and lambda light chains, -Mast Cell Panel: CD2, CD25, CD69, CD117. Jevremovic D, Dronca RS, Morice WG, et al: CD5+ B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders: Beyond chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mantle cell lymphoma. National Library of Medicine Accessed December 2014. [Flow cytometric analysis of surface phenotypes in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. Craig, F. and Foon, K. (2008 April 15). 2010 Sep;34(9):1235-1238. doi: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.03.020, Immunophenotypic features by multiparameter, Shi M, Ternus JA, Ketterling RP, et al: Immunophenotypic and laboratory features of t(11;14)(q13;q32)-positive plasma cell neoplasms. According to the European Group for the Immunological Classification of Leukemias (EGIL), AML can be immunologically defined by the expression of atleast two of the following myeloid markers: Based on this classification, one study researched the prognostic significance of various immunophenotypic subgroups in 177 adult AML patients. Although the World Health Organization classification of AML takes into account immunophenotypic features, the criteria for the same in monocytic AML is not clearly defined. This technique also helps identify or confirm the cell of origin in non-hematopoietic neoplasia. Cheriyedath, Susha. gayle telfer stevens husband Order Supplement. Tietz Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, 4th Edition: Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, MO. Because of this, immunophenotyping results will be different by reflecting the current population of WBCs that would be present in an individual in remission. 2022. [Aggressive natural killer cell leukemia/lymphoma--possible existence of a new clinical entity originating from the third lineage of lymphoid cells]. Understanding Lab and Imaging Tests. It is important that the specimen be obtained, processed, and transported according to instructions for the other test. Immunophenotypic features of acute myeloid leukemia with inv(3)(q21q26.2)/t(3;3)(q21;q26.2). News-Medical, viewed 04 March 2023, https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Immunophenotyping.aspx. -Bone Marrow Staging for Known or Suspected Malignant Lymphoma Algorithm, -Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Testing Algorithm, -Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Relapsed with Previous Remission Testing Algorithm, -Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: Guideline to Diagnosis and Follow-up, -Mast Cell Disorder: Diagnostic Algorithm, Bone Marrow, -Acute Leukemias of Ambiguous Lineage Testing Algorithm, Acute Leukemia -- Immunophenotyping, Flow Cytometry, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Immunophenotyping, Flow Cytometry, Flow Cytometry, Leukemia Immunophenotyping, Flow Cytometry, Lymphoma Immunophenotyping, Lymphoma Immunophenotyping by Flow Cytometry, GLL Panel - Leukemia Immunophenotyping (ALWAYS order LCMS), Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALWAYS order LCMS), KIR Panel - Leukemia Immunophenotyping (ALWAYS order LCMS), LGL Panel - Leukemia Immunophenotyping (ALWAYS order LCMS), NK Panel - Leukemia Immunophenotyping (ALWAYS order LCMS), B-cell ALL minimal residual disease (MRD) detection. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping evaluates individual cells in suspension for the presence and absence of specific antigens (phenotype). Mayo Clinic, Mayo Medical Laboratory [On-line information]. Morphologic evaluation and flow cytometric immunophenotypic analysis revealed no evidence of plasma cell neoplasm involving the BM. 2010 Sep;34(9):1235-1238. doi: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.03.020, 2. http://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms?cdrid=341450, http://www.nature.com/leu/journal/v20/n7/full/2404242a.html, http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/96/3/870?sso-checked=true. no immunophenotypic abnormalities detectedpower bi search multiple values Haziran 10, 2022 / community funeral home pikeville, ky obituaries / in walks from bowleaze cove / tarafndan (2018 March 12). Flow cytometric immunophenotyping performed on this bone marrow specimen demonstrated a small polytypic plasma cell population with no immunophenotypic abnormalities except the anticipated CD38 negativity due to the effect of daratumumab. Creutzig U, Harbott J, Sperling C, Ritter J, Zimmermann M, Lffler H, Riehm H, Schellong G, Ludwig WD. Immunophenotyping has become extremely important not only in diagnosis and subclassification of AML but also in the detection of the minimal residual disease. No flow cytometric abnormalities were detected in CD4-positive T-cells from 10 control patients without lymphoproliferative disorders. These plasma cells are negative for CD19. Rinsho Ketsueki. In these cases, LSC analysis is a methodology of choice because of its low sample requirements. 2. although diagnostic criteria are well established, a no immunophenotypic myeloid abnormalities were detected in the healthy donor bone marrow aspirates or in the 10 remission bone marrow aspirates from patients with a history of nonmyeloid neoplasia table 3, as mentioned, the immunophenotypic panels used evolved during the study, and not all The translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) was detected by conventional chromosomal analysis in 59 patients (91%) the Ph-positive ALL cohort. If no abnormalities are detected by the initial panel, no further flow cytometric assessment will be performed unless otherwise indicated by specific features of the clinical presentation or prior laboratory results. Flow cytometry is generally used to determine cell lineage in leukemia and lymphoma. An abnormal plasma cell population is detected that is positive for CD38, and CD56. Sometimes pieces of the abnormal myeloma protein are filtered through the kidney into the urine. Szary syndrome with multiple immunophenotypic aberrancies in tumor cells. If no abnormalities are detected by the initial panel, no further flow cytometric assessment will be performed unless otherwise indicated by specific features of the clinical presentation or prior laboratory results. Furthermore, these findings can also be seen I got thre results today, which were "no significant abnormalities". Prieto F, Bada L, Palau F, Beneyto M, Montero MR, Martnez-Castellano F. Asthana A, Ramakrishnan P, Vicioso Y, Zhang K, Parameswaran R. Mol Cancer Ther. I just had a colposcopy done to follow up on an ASCUS pap with high risk HPV. . Before Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies In general, these criteria involved identification of abnormal expression or loss of antigens in B- and T-lineage populations. News-Medical. Am J Clin Pathol. Bahler, D. (Updated 2011 February). Please note that medical information found All rights reserved. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Disclaimer. Maecker, H. et. More info. J Adv Pract Oncol. 8600 Rockville Pike Immunologic monitoring in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Rereview of PB smears from these patients, who had typical cutaneous findings of MF, did not identify definitive Sezary cells. This technique involves immunostaining of smears of fluids from body cavities or aspirates of tissues. Accessed April 2011. In the present study, we describe both quantitative and qualitative immunophenotypic abnormalities involving BM B-cells in MDS patients. Grave Encounters What Happened To Kenny, Understanding Laboratory Tests. Bookshelf We describe the clinicopathologic, cytogenetic, and molecular genetic characteristics of 14 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) with t(14;19)(q32;q13). Epub 2018 May 7. Available online at https://www.mayoclinic.com/health/chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia/DS00565. Immunophenotyping is widely used for the following reasons: Two types of tests are used in immunophenotyping: The choice of test is based on the type of sample: Heres a brief overview of the two types of test methods: In flow cytometry, the sample may range from blood, fluids in the body cavity (such as peritoneal or pleural fluids), bone marrow, or solid tissues in liquid media. In the current study, we report the clinical, laboratory, immunophenotypic, and genetic findings from 29 cases of de novo ANKL in a single center and evaluate the relative contribution of these features to the diagnosis of ANKL. Pagana, K. D. & Pagana, T. J. Your health care practitioner will consider the flow cytometry immunophenotyping results together with your clinical history, physical examination, signs and symptoms, as well as all laboratory tests to help make a diagnosis. 1. Antibodies are made up of chains of protein : 2 long (heavy) chains and 2 shorter (light) chains. (2019 January, Updated).Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ALL. She just said I needed another pap in 6 months. The prognostic value of immunophenotyping in AML is controversial [ 3]. Blood Journal v111 (8) [On-line information]. Korean J Lab Med. This study prospectively analysed the relationships between immunophenotypic and cytogenetic features of blast cells in 432 acute non-lymphoblastic leukemias (ANLL) at presentation. Accessed April 2011. No abnormalities were detected for the other phenotypic markers analyzed, including 7.1 ( Table 2 ). Clinical features, laboratory findings, morphologic, cytogenetic features, and Epstein-Barr virus status were important factors for diagnosing aggressive NK cell leukemia. A normal cell will display a pattern of antigens that correlates with the type and maturity of the cell. It is not offered in every laboratory, but many larger hospitals and academic medical centers perform the testing or your sample may be sent to a reference laboratory. These newer treatments may have reduced side effects compared to conventional chemotherapy (newer targeted therapies are usually added to traditional chemotherapy). Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Tests for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL). Salaire De Naby Keita 2021, The present results further confirm that IGH@ rearrangement is not a rare genomic abnormality in B-CLL, and also show both that t(14;19)(q32;q13.2) is the most common cytogenetic change involving IGH@ rearrangement detected by FISH in B-CLL and that IGH@ rearrangement is correlated with CD38 expression. Specimen must arrive within 96 hours of collection. Among T-cell populations outside the thymus, phenotypes associated with malignancy included 1) loss of pan-T antigens (including loss of the beta chain of the T-cell antigen receptor), 2) coexpression or loss of T-subset antigens, 3) Leu-6+ T-lineage, and 4) MB-1+ T lineage. lindalay. Two or more immunophenotypic abnormalities were detected in 49 of 81 RCC patients (60%), and in 2 of 17 (v)SAA patients (12%). Compilation of the top interviews, articles, and news in the last year. Search by expertise, name or affiliation. (2018 October 17, Revised). 2. francis gray poet england services@everythingwellnessdpc.com (470)-604-9800 ; ashley peterson obituary Facebook. Additional FISH or molecular testing may be recommended by the Mayo pathologist to facilitate diagnosis. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. The most common patterns of post-relapse FISH dissimilarity were loss of previously detected hyperdiploidy, seen in three (33.3%) cases, and gain of 1q21 in three (33.3%) cases. al. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Flow Cytometry: Principles and Clinical Applications in Hematology Clinical Chemistry 46:8(B) 12211229 [On-line information]. These abnormalities were related to immunophenotypic markers as This study prospectively analysed the relationships between immunophenotypic and cytogenetic features of blast cells in 432 acute non-lymphoblastic leukemias (ANLL) at presentation. A cell count should be determined and submitted with the specimen. al. Furthermore, abnormal T-cell populations can be detected by using a panel of antibodies; . Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The results from your immunophenotyping are compared to the pattern of antigens for normal cells as well as to patterns that are associated with abnormal cells (e.g., cells present with leukemias and lymphomas). "What is Immunophenotyping?". Send whole blood specimen in original tube. Higher CD34 positivity was found in LymAg (+) group (77.2%) than in LymAg (-) group (48.0%). Additional FISH or molecular testing may be recommended by the Mayo pathologist to facilitate diagnosis. Available online at https://www.arupconsult.com/Topics/LymphomaPhenotyping.html. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. 2023 TESTING.COM. 1985 Oct;66(4):848-58 Although diagnosticcriteria are well established, a No immunophenotypicmyeloid abnormalitieswere detectedin the healthy donor bone marrow aspirates or in the 10 remission bone marrow aspirates from patients with a history of nonmyeloid neoplasia Table 3, As mentioned, the immunophenotypicpanels used evolved during the study, and not all antigens al. Morice WG, Kimlinger T, Katzmann JA, et al: Flow cytometric assessment of TCR-Vbeta expression in the evaluation of peripheral blood involvement by T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders: a comparison with conventional T-cell immunophenotyping and molecular genetic techniques. Learn more about how plasma cell neoplasms are diagnosed and treated in this expert-reviewed summary. eCollection 2019. Available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3409649/. Br J Haematol. When cell counts drop below 5 cells/mcL, the immunophenotypic analysis may not be successful. Medeiros BC, Kohrt HE, Arber DA, Bangs CD, Cherry AM, Majeti R, Kogel KE, Azar CA, Patel S, Alizadeh AA. News-Medical.Net provides this medical information service in accordance Large granular lymphocytic leukemia: a brief review. . The abnormal cells grow, but they do not fight infections or perform other functions like normal WBCs. These abnormalities were related to immunophenotypic markers as detected using a consensual panel of monoclonal antibodies allowing lineage assignment and investigation of myeloid marker expression on blast cells. By junio 4, 2022 masonry pilaster details junio 4, 2022 masonry pilaster details Furthermore, in difficult cases or those with limited material or poor histology, immunophenotypic analysis may be the only means of making a definitive diagnosis. degree in Chemistry and Master of Science (M.Sc) degree in Biochemistry from the University of Calicut, India. Accessed April 2011. Pp 244-247. Clinical Laboratory Medicine. 2020 Oct 9;12(10):2900. doi: 10.3390/cancers12102900. Rarely, no overt immunophenotypic abnormality will be present at diagnosis, and in these cases, the sensitivity of flow cytometric evaluation for minimal residual disease may be greatly reduced. Morphologic evaluation and flow cytometric immunophenotypic analysis revealed no evidence of plasma cell neoplasm involving the BM. June 10, 2022 heart medicine dandelions and roundup. Cheriyedath, Susha. and transmitted securely. National Cancer Institute [On-line information]. By Samuel Pirruccello. 2004 Mar;121(3):373-383. doi: 10.1309/3A32-DTVM-H640-M2QA, 7. National Library of Medicine Available online at https://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/content/111/8/3941.full. 2021 Jun 7;22(7):60. doi: 10.1007/s11864-021-00857-w. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. This test is appropriate for hematopoietic specimens only. Epub 2012 Sep 20. Accessed January 2020. A positive correlation was found between CD34+ and CD34 B-cell precursors (r . ARUP Consult. If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send 1 of the following forms with the specimen: Specimens will be initially triaged to determine which, if any, of. Am J Clin Pathol. Trisomy 12 is the second most frequent aberration detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization at the time of diagnosis (10-25%), and it confers an . American Cancer Society: Tests for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL), CD19, CD20, CD22, CD79a, immunoglobulin light chains (kappa or lambda), CD2, CD3, CD5, CD7, and either CD4 or CD8, Megakaryocytic differentiation; Platelets, Red blood cell (erythroid) differentiation, To predict how aggressive the cancer will be, To predict whether the cancer will respond to certain treatment, To help determine whether treatment of leukemia or lymphoma has been successful, To determine whether the disease remains despite treatment (residual disease) or has come back after successful treatment (recurrent disease), Shortness of breath during normal physical activity, Enlarged lymph nodes, spleen, liver, kidneys, and/or testicles. If . [Importance of cytogenetics in the study of acute non-lymphoblastic leukemias]. Submission of bilateral specimens is not required. Blood Adv. Copyright 2013 Integrity Aesthetic & Wellness Center. Sometimes, however, the cancer cells adapt to evade the therapy by not expressing anymore an antigen that they expressed earlier, which might have been targeted by a monoclonal antibody or other therapy, like CAR T-cells. Overall, del(13q14) and +12 were the most common abnormalities (39%), whereas del(11q13), del(17p13), and del(6q23) were detected only in 3, 1, and 0 cases, respectively. -, N Engl J Med. Miao Y, Zhang J, Chen Q, Xing L, Qiu T, Zhu H, Wang L, Fan L, Xu W, Li J. Accessed April 2011. Among B-lineage populations the following features were associated with malignant histology: 1) light-chain-restricted B lineage, 2) light chain -B lineage, 3) Leu-1+ B lineage, 4) L60+ B lineage, 5) 41H+, Ki-67+ B lineage, 6) loss of pan-B antigens, and 7) LFA-1-B lineage. What is Immunophenotyping?. (2009 January 28). The site is secure. Integrity Aesthetic Building, 788 Banawe Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines Am J Clin Pathol. This test is not appropriate for and cannot support diagnosis of sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, interstitial lung diseases, or differentiating between pulmonary tuberculosis and sarcoidosis (requests for CD4/CD8 ratios); specimens sent for these purposes will be rejected. Testing may be done when you have signs and symptoms of leukemia and lymphoma, though they may be unremarkable, mild, or nonspecific early in the disease. (Revised 2012). 8600 Rockville Pike If the CT scan said that there are no significant abnormalities it means that nothing out of the ordinary was noted. (+632) 7110427 | (+632) 7110383 Integrity Aesthetic Building, 788 Banawe Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines info@integrityaesthetic.ph Khalidi HS, Medeiros LJ, Chang KL, Brynes RK, Slovak ML, Arber DA. Leuk Lymphoma. Application of these criteria to a series of nearly 500 cases of lymphoma indicated that over 90% of B-lineage and about 80% of T-lineage neoplasms manifested immunophenotypic abnormalities that could distinguish them from benign, reactive lymphoid processes. Am J Med. Accessed January 2020. Available online at https://www.questdiagnostics.com/hcp/intguide/jsp/showintguidepage.jsp?fn=TG_Lymphoid_Neoplasms.htm. Immunophenotypic analysis is an established tool in the diagnosis and classification of many hematolymphoid disorders; however, the role of flow cytometry (FC) in detecting bone marrow involvement during the staging of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has yet to be defined. B-cell leukemia/lymphoma panel. In this interview, AZoM speaks to Rohan Thakur, the President of Life Science Mass Spectrometry at Bruker, about what the opportunities of the market are and how Bruker is planning on rising to the challenge. ( 2011). This study examines the immunohistologic profiles of a large series of histologically proven benign and malignant lymphoproliferative processes in order to define immunophenotypic criteria useful in the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. If no abnormalities are detected by the initial panel, no further flow cytometric assessment will be performed unless otherwise indicated by specific features of the clinical presentation or prior laboratory results. ( 2006). How To Create Google Form Link In Mobile, This technique helps in prognostication and is also used to differentiate between neoplastic and reactive expansions of lymphocytes. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Hematopathology Patient Information (T676). Standardizing immunophenotyping for the Human Immunology Project. This test was developed using an analyte specific reagent. Available online at https://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/detection/laboratory-tests. 1985 Apr;65(4):974-83 As part of her masters degree, she specialized in Biochemistry, with an emphasis on Microbiology, Physiology, Biotechnology, and Nutrition. 2. Atypical cells can change back to normal cells if the underlying cause is removed or resolved. Immunocytochemistry is, however, limited by the quality and number of smears as one antibody is applied to one smear. The volume of fluid necessary to phenotype the lymphocytes or blasts in serous effusions depends upon the cell count in the specimen. Would you like email updates of new search results? The opinions expressed here are the views of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of News Medical. The Global Landscape of EBV-Associated Tumors. The results may also be used to predict how aggressive the cancer will be and/or whether it will respond to certain treatment. Cytogenetic FISH Studies: -CCND1/IGH translocation t(11;14), to exclude mantle cell lymphoma in cases of CD5+CD23- B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. 19952023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. If you have a leukemia or lymphoma, routine tests such as a complete blood count (CBC) and a WBC differentialmay show an increased number of white blood cells with a predominance of one type. Available online at https://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/003109-pdf.pdf. Smaller volumes can be used if there is a high cell count. [On-line information]. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Most doctors wouldn't even bother doing a colposcopy and biopsy on a patient with ASCUS. Front Immunol. "What is Immunophenotyping?". Liendo C, Danieu L, Al-Katib A, Koziner B. Am J Blood Res. Jaffe, E. et. Epub 2018 Aug 6. It can detect normal cells as well as abnormal cells whose pattern of markers are typically seen with specific types of leukemia and lymphoma. Conclusion: Only 5 similar cases have been described previously. bumgarner funeral home obituaries no immunophenotypic abnormalities detected. (2022, December 30). What is Immunophenotyping?. Careers. 2010 May;34(5):594-7. doi: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.08.029. Second, unusual expression of surface antigens in ANKL cells was a prominent feature. Blood Tests. This test will be processed as a laboratory consultation. Additional FISH or molecular testing may be recommended by the Mayo pathologist to facilitate diagnosis. It can detect normal cells as well as abnormal cells whose pattern of markers are typically seen with specific types of leukemia and lymphoma. Initial evaluation of . MayoClinic [On-line information]. By continuing to browse this site you agree to our use of cookies. Flow cytometric analysis of the peripheral blood shows no immunophenotypic evidence for an abnormal B cell or T- cell population, and no circulating blasts. (Reviewed 2013 July 10). 1. eCollection 2022. Mayo Clinic Mayo Medical Laboratories [On-line information]. (2008 December 1). 3. Retrieved on March 04, 2023 from https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Immunophenotyping.aspx. The .gov means its official. Flow Cytometric Immunophenotyping Is Sensitive for the Early Diagnosis of De Novo Aggressive Natural Killer Cell Leukemia (ANKL): A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis. This is the most common type of abnormal Pap smear. Immunophenotyping, a common application in flow cytometry, allows multiple cell surface markers to be simultaneously characterized on a per-cell basis.Immunophenotyping can be difficult by flow cytometry, however, when only a small number of cells are available. Owned and operated by AZoNetwork, 2000-2023. Using a method of analysis relying solely on immunoarchitectural features of a given case, the authors were able to define immunologic criteria capable of differentiating benign from malignant lymphoid processes independent from conventional morphologic analysis. This approach, called immunohistochemistry, is used every day for some leukemia and lymphoma markers and other types of cancer. Cheriyedath, Susha. 1985 Oct;79(4):445-54. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(85)90031-2. TdT and PAX5 were performed in five of the seven patients with ABLB detected by FC. Of 19 . Mayo Clinic Staff (2010 November 24). For bone marrow testing, if cytogenetic tests are desired along with this test request, an additional specimen should be submitted. An official website of the United States government. Comparing cases with immunophenotypic dissimilarities to those with cytogenetic differences, no distinct patterns of association were identified.